Mental Health Dimensions in Vegan and Plant-Based Lifestyles

Abstract

This study aims to explore the psychological and emotional dimensions of adopting and maintaining vegan and plant-based lifestyles in a culturally specific urban context. This qualitative research employed a phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of 26 self-identified vegan and plant-based individuals residing in Tehran. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and interviewed using in-depth semi-structured interviews, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using NVivo software to identify key themes, subthemes, and underlying concepts. Data collection and analysis were conducted concurrently to allow for iterative coding and refinement of emerging categories. Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) emotional and psychological well-being, (2) cognitive and behavioral shifts, and (3) social and interpersonal dynamics. Participants reported enhanced emotional regulation, reduced anxiety, and a stronger sense of purpose. Cognitive benefits included improved mental clarity, decision-making, and alignment between values and actions. However, many also encountered psychological challenges such as social stigma, judgment, and emotional fatigue. Adaptive coping strategies—such as journaling, mindfulness, and online support—were frequently employed. Community support and ethical motivation were identified as key protective factors, while institutional limitations and interpersonal conflict were identified as stressors. Vegan and plant-based lifestyles are associated with both positive and challenging mental health experiences, shaped by individual identity, social context, and motivational orientation. While ethical alignment and community engagement foster psychological resilience, social misunderstanding and limited structural support may contribute to emotional strain. These findings underscore the need for culturally informed mental health and policy interventions that acknowledge both the benefits and burdens of plant-based living.