Cultural and Familial Factors Affecting Mental Health in Immigrant Communities

Abstract

This study aims to explore how cultural and familial factors influence the mental health experiences of immigrant communities residing in Tehran, with a particular focus on stigma, intergenerational dynamics, and structural stressors. A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 immigrants from diverse national backgrounds currently living in Tehran. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling to ensure diversity in gender, age, and migration history. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo software. The study emphasized inductive coding to allow themes to emerge organically from the participants’ narratives. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Cultural Beliefs and Stigma, (2) Familial Dynamics and Expectations, and (3) Structural and Social Stressors. Cultural stigma and religious interpretations of mental illness were identified as major barriers to help-seeking. Families often perpetuated silence and shame around psychological issues, particularly through gendered expectations and the preservation of social reputation. Intergenerational conflict, emotional communication gaps, and pressure related to parental sacrifice narratives were common. Structural challenges such as legal insecurity, language barriers, discrimination, and lack of culturally competent services further exacerbated psychological distress. Despite these challenges, some participants identified community and spiritual resources as protective factors. Mental health among immigrant communities is deeply influenced by cultural norms, family dynamics, and systemic inequalities. Addressing immigrant mental health requires culturally responsive, family-centered, and community-informed strategies that acknowledge the complex socio-cultural realities these individuals navigate.