Preliminary Development and Content Validation of Self-Repair Training for Women with Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

Authors

    Mohammadreza Yekta PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
    Mohsen Golparvar * Department of Psychology, Is.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran mgolparvar@iau.ac.ir
    Zahra Yousefi Associate Professor, Department of Cilinical Psychology, Research Center for Behavioral and Psychological Science, Department of Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Keywords:

self-repair, training package, borderline personality disorder, women

Abstract

Self-repair training for women affected by borderline personality disorder has the potential to provide a foundation for the expansion of educational and therapeutic interventions for this population. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and conducting a preliminary content validation of self-repair training for women with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. This study was qualitative in nature and employed a conventional content analysis approach. The research context included scientific resources (including books, articles, and research dissertations), and the sample consisted of sources related to the principles and techniques of self-repair training. A content analysis recording form was used to extract the techniques and principles of self-repair training. The textual data were analyzed based on the six stages introduced by Yusefi and Golparvar (2026) for developing a self-repair training package. To analyze the preliminary expert content validity, the inter-rater agreement coefficient, Content Validity Index (CVI), and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were calculated. The findings resulted in the development of a self-repair training package consisting of 10 sessions lasting 80 to 100 minutes each, with an inter-rater agreement coefficient of 0.98, a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 1.00, and a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of 0.99. Based on the findings of the present study regarding the self-repair training package for women with symptoms of borderline personality disorder, it is recommended that future studies evaluate the competitive effectiveness of this training package in comparison with other educational and therapeutic approaches on important variables among women with symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. American Psychiatric A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2016. 593-623 p.

2. Clarkin JF, Levy KN. Psychotherapy for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder: Focusing on the Mechanisms of Change. 1st ed: Wiley Online Library; 2006.

3. Fonagy P, Luyten PA. A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2009;21(4):1355-81. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409990198.

4. Rahmati-Nejad P, Mohammadi D, Shahi Sadrabadi F. Temperament and Character Personality Dimensions in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder. Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2020;10(1):43-51.

5. Harpoth TSD, Kongerslev MT, Trull TJ, Hepp J, Bateman AW, Simonsen E. Associations of positive and negative emotions with ego-resiliency and quality of life in borderline personality disorder: A daily diary study. Personality Disorders. 2020;11(1):13-23. doi: 10.1037/per0000350.

6. Gholami F, Baghouli H, Barzegar M, Kouroshnia M. Presenting a Causal Model to Explain Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychological Methods and Models. 2020;11(41):113-40.

7. Drews-Windeck E, Greenwood K, Cavanagh K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of digital interventions targeted at individuals with borderline personality disorder, emotionally unstable personality disorder, and related symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2023;79(9):2155-85. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23523.

8. Agnew G, Shannon C, Ryan T, Storey L, McDonnell C. Self and identity in women with symptoms of borderline personality: A qualitative study. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being. 2016;11:30490. doi: 10.3402/qhw.v11.30490.

9. Evans D, Dalgleish T, Dudas RB, Denman C, Howard M, Dunn BD. Examining the shared and unique features of self-concept content and structure in borderline personality disorder and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2015;39(5):613-26. doi: 10.1007/s10608-015-9695-3.

10. Baumann E, Schmidt F, Lena J, Cord B, Spitzer C. Implicitly measured aggressiveness self-concepts in women with borderline personality disorder as assessed by an Implicit Association Test. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2020;66:101513. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101513.

11. Petrov G, Dimitrov I. From shame to acceptance: Identity reconstruction in clients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling. 2024;6(2):210-8. doi: 10.61838/kman.jarac.6.2.26.

12. Bornovalova MA, Fishman S, Strong DR, Kruglanski AW, Lejuez CW. Borderline personality disorder in the context of self-regulation: Understanding symptoms and hallmark features as deficits in locomotion and assessment. Personality and Individual Differences. 2008;44(1):22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.001.

13. Fossati A. Impulsivity dimensions, emotion dysregulation, and borderline personality disorder features among Italian nonclinical adolescents. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. 2014;1(1):1-11. doi: 10.1186/2051-6673-1-5.

14. Sharp C, Pane H, Ha C, Venta A, Patel AB, Sturek J. Theory of mind and emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents with borderline traits. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011;50:563-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.017.

15. Geschwind N, van Breukelen G, Lobbestael J. Borderline personality disorder traits and affect reactivity to positive affect induction followed by a stressor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2019;65:101497. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101497.

16. Ghamari Kivi H, Sanobar L, Ahadi S. The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Self-Harm and Mood Fluctuation in Borderline Personality Disorder. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;3(6):93-111.

17. Goodman M. Dialectical behavior therapy alters emotion regulation and amygdala activity in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2014;57:108-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.020.

18. Taheri Fard M, Abolghasemi A, Hajloo N, editors. Positive and Negative Urgency in Individuals with Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders. Congress of the Iranian Psychological Association; 2015.

19. Nouhi S, Hasani J. The Relationship of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Defense Mechanisms with Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2017;11(43):57-66.

20. Mirzaei A, Sharifi T, Ghazanfari A, Cherami M. The Effectiveness of Group Emotion Regulation Therapy and Reality Therapy on Borderline Personality Disorder. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;29(8):287-96.

21. Das T, Datta S. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in a community sample of young adults with BPD features: A preliminary investigation. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2024;50:10-21.

22. Jafari Jozani M, Monirpour N, Mirza Hosseini H. Explaining the Severity of Clinical Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder Based on Early Object Relations and Defense Mechanisms. Disability Studies. 2020;10(1):1-8.

23. Mansouri S, Atashpour SH, Aghaei A. Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Normal Individuals. Contemporary Psychology. 2017;12(Supplement):1618-22.

24. Zanarini MC, Weingeroff JL, Frankenburg FR. Defense mechanisms associated with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders. 2009;23(2):113-21. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2009.23.2.113.

25. Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Fitzmaurice G. Defense mechanisms reported by patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects over 16 years of prospective follow-up: Description and prediction of recovery. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;170(1):111-20. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020173.

26. Ahmadzadeh L, Mahmoodaliloo M. Theory of Mind in Individuals with Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder among Students. Contemporary Psychology. 2012;7(Supplement):62-6.

27. Webb DJ, McMurran M. Emotional intelligence, alexithymia, and borderline personality disorder traits in young adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008;2(4):265-73. doi: 10.1002/pmh.48.

28. Peyvastegar M. Borderline Personality Disorder and Alexithymia among Female Students with Interpersonal Problems. Shefa Khatam Neuroscience. 2018;6(2):51-9.

29. Miller JD, Dir A, Gentile B, Wilson L, Pryor LR, Campbell WK. Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality. 2010;78(5):1529-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.x.

30. Wulfing P, Spitzer C, Kramer N, Severus E, Fatfouta R. Implicit and explicit self-concepts of forgiveness in women with borderline personality disorder. 2025. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6559640/v1.

31. Graham KL, Morse JL, O'Donnell MB, Steger MF. Repairing meaning, resolving rumination, and moving toward self-forgiveness. In: Woodyatt L, Worthington EL, Wenzel M, Griffin BJ, editors. Handbook of the Psychology of Self-Forgiveness: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 59-72.

32. Harder JC. Narrative Therapy. 1st ed. Tehran: Negareh Publishing; 2022.

33. Vakili J, Kimiaei SA, Salehi Fadardi J. The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder in Prisoners. Clinical Psychology. 2016;8(3):97-105.

34. Madigan S. Narrative Therapy: Theories, Methods, and Treatment. 1st ed. Tehran: Danjeh Publishing; 2017.

35. Ostadanorouzi M, Zemestani M. Validation of the Shortened Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms Scale in the Iranian Population and Its Application in Diagnosis and Symptom Severity of Borderline Personality Disorder. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2021;8(2):51-60.

36. Gholami F, Baghouli H, Barzegar M, Kouroshnia M. Explaining the Role of Vulnerable Narcissism and Grandiose Narcissism in Borderline Personality Disorder. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;29(4):113-24.

37. Eveleth CM, Bassir Nia A. Past, present, and future of genetic research in borderline personality disorder. Current Opinion in Psychology. 2018;21:60-8. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.002.

38. Jeung H, Vollmann M, Herpertz CS, Schwieren C. Consider others better than yourself: Social decision-making and partner preference in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2020;67:101436. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.11.004.

Downloads

Published

2025-03-10

Submitted

2025-01-04

Revised

2025-03-04

Accepted

2025-03-07

How to Cite

Yekta , M., Golparvar, M., & Yousefi , Z. (2025). Preliminary Development and Content Validation of Self-Repair Training for Women with Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. Mental Health and Lifestyle Journal, 3(1), 1-13. https://mhljournal.com/index.php/mhlj/article/view/245

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

51-60 of 100

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.