Dimensions of Emotional Regulation in Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Phenomenological Exploration
Keywords:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Emotion Regulation, PhenomenologyAbstract
This study aimed to explore the subjective dimensions of emotional regulation among adults diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) using a phenomenological qualitative approach. The study employed a phenomenological design to investigate the lived emotional regulation experiences of individuals with GAD. A total of 28 participants (14 men and 14 women) aged between 25 and 50 years, all residents of Tehran and formally diagnosed with GAD, were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted in Persian. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. NVivo software was used to assist with thematic coding and data organization. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Analysis revealed four overarching themes: (1) Internal Coping Mechanisms, including both adaptive strategies such as cognitive reframing and mindfulness, and maladaptive ones like rumination and emotional suppression; (2) Social and Relational Regulation, reflecting participants’ reliance on interpersonal support, emotional dependency, and challenges with trust and withdrawal; (3) Environmental and Lifestyle Strategies, encompassing routine formation, physical activity, nature engagement, and expressive outlets; and (4) Emotional Struggles and Conflicts, including emotional overload, fear of losing control, ambivalence, and internalized shame. Participant narratives illustrated the multifaceted, often contradictory nature of emotional regulation in GAD, with frequent shifts between adaptive coping and emotional avoidance. The study highlights the complex and dynamic emotional regulation experiences of adults with GAD, shaped by cognitive, relational, and contextual factors. These findings underscore the importance of individualized, culturally sensitive interventions that address both internal and external dimensions of emotional regulation.
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